Hungarian Wound Care Society

Net Health’s Wound Care Leaders Highlight Promising Trends for 2021 - Nethealth.com
For 2021, when it comes to wound care, it looks like there are several promising developments and further expansion of trends from the previous year on the horizon.

Biomimetic Nanoengineered Scaffold for Enhanced Full-Thickness Cutaneous Wound Healing - PubMed
Abstract by Nooshin Zandi, Banafsheh Dolatyar, Roya Lotfi, Yusef Shallageh, Mohammad Ali Shokrgozar, Elnaz Tamjid, Nasim Annabi and Abdolreza Simchi (Iran, USA - Acta Biomater.).

Connexin43 gap junction drives fascia mobilization and repair of deep skin wounds - PubMed
Abstract by Li Wan, Dongsheng Jiang, Donovan Correa-Gallegos, Pushkar Ramesh, Jiakuan Zhao, Haifeng Ye, Shaohua Zhu, Juliane Wannemacher, Thomas Volz and Yuval Rinkevich (Munich, Germany - Matrix Biol.).

Wound Healing in the Long-Term Acute Care Setting Using an Air Fluidized Therapy/Continuous Low-Pressure Therapeutic Bed: A Multiple Case Series - PubMed
Abstract by Malgorzata Arnold and Cecilia Yanez, Blanca Yanez (Hinsdale, USA - J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs.).

Low-power lasers on bacteria: stimulation, inhibition, or effectless? - PubMed
Abstract by Adenilson de Souza da Fonseca, Luiz Philippe da Silva Sergio, Andre Luiz Mencalha and Flavia de Paoli (Brazil - Lasers Med Sci.).

Are You a Wound Care Detective? Case 1 - Woundsource.com
A few weeks ago Emily Greenstein introduced you to the concept of how being a wound care professional is often a lot like being a detective. This blog post is going to start our "cases".

Preventing and Treating Skin Tears in Older Adults: What You Need to Know - Woundsource.com
Article by Holly Hovan. As we age, so does our skin. Older adults have older skin. Skin loses elasticity and often gains wrinkles. Skin conditions that may never have been present earlier in life can crop up with aging.

Polyphenols: A Promising Avenue in Therapeutic Solutions for Wound Care - Mdpi.com
Article by Inês Guimarães, Sara Baptista-Silva, Manuela Pintado and Ana L. Oliveira (Porto, Portugal - Applied Sciences). Polymer-based particulate systems are highlighted here due to their impact as carriers to increase polyphenols bioavailability at the wound site in different types of formulations.

SARS-CoV-2 not found in pressure injury exudates from COVID-19 patients - PubMed
Abstract by Nanze Yu, Yuwei Zhang, Meng Xiao, Wei Cao, Yan Zhang, Yang Yang, Zhengyin Liu, Yunzhu Li, Xiao Long, Zhifei Liu, Shuyang Zhang and Xiaojun Wang (Beijing, China - J Cosmet Dermatol.).

Non pharmacological high-intensity ultrasound treatment of human dermal fibroblasts to accelerate wound healing - Nature.com
Article by Jeong Yu Lee, Dae-Jin Min, Wanil Kim, Bum-Ho Bin, Kyuhan Kim and Eun-Gyung Cho (Scientific Reports). The authors' findings suggest that ultrasound as a mechanical stimulus can activate human dermal fibroblasts. Therefore, the activation of fibroblasts using ultrasound may improve the healing of various types of wounds and increase skin regeneration.

pdf (7,80 mB)!
Ionizing Radiation Mediates Dose Dependent Effects Affecting the Healing Kinetics of Wounds Created on Acute and Late Irradiated Skin - Mdpi.com
Article by Candice Diaz, Cindy J. Hayward, Meryem Safoine, Caroline Paquette, Josée Langevin, Josée Galarneau, Valérie Théberge, Jean Ruel, Louis Archambault and Julie Fradette (Laval, Kanada - Surgeries). The authors' detailed investigation of both the acute and chronic repercussions of radiotherapy on skin healing provides a relevant new in vivo model that will instruct future studies evaluating the efficacy of new treatments for radiodermatitis.

Negative pressure wound therapy: device design, indications, and the evidence supporting its use - PubMed
Abstract by Stephen J Poteet, Steven A Schulz, Stephen P Povoski and Albert H Chao (Columbus, USA - Expert Rev Med Devices).

Negative Pressure Dressings (PICO TM) on Laparotomy Wounds Do Not Reduce Risk of Surgical Site Infection - PubMed
Abstract by Julie Flynn, Audrey Choy, Kylie Leavy, Lisa Connolly, Kelly Alards, Sanjeeva Ranasinha and Pee Yau Tan (Australia - Surg Infect (Larchmt).).

Current Perspectives On Biologics In Wound Care - Podiatrytoday.com
When a wound proves challenging to heal, physicians may choose a biologic product as an additional therapy. Accordingly, the panelists discuss their experiences with various biologic options, including preferred clinical scenarios, settings and cautions regarding cost and proper use.

Ca-Alginate-PEGMA Hydrogels for In Situ Delivery of TGF-β Neutralizing Antibodies in a Mouse Model of Wound Healing - Mdpi.com
Article by Jahaziel Gasperin-Bulbarela, Ana B. Castro-Ceseña, Tanya Camacho-Villegas, Pavel H. Lugo-Fabres, Nestor Emmanuel Díaz-Martínez, Eduardo Padilla-Camberos, Raquel Echavarría and Alexei F. Licea-Navarro (Mexico - Applied Sciences). The authors' findings demonstrate the capacity of calcium-alginate-PEGMA hydrogels to deliver larger proteins, such as antibodies, to the site of a wound.

Nanodefensin-encased hydrogel with dual bactericidal and pro-regenerative functions for advanced wound therapy - Thno.org
Article by Gan Luo, Yaqi Sun, Jue Zhang, Zhipeng Xu, Wuyuan Lu, Hanbin Wang, Yan Zhang, Hui Li, Zhengwei Mao, Shixin Ye, Baoli Cheng and Xiangming Fang (China, Theranostics). The authors' results indicate that NDEFgel may be a promising dual-action therapeutic option for advanced wound management in the future.

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of a nanofiber wound dressing loaded with melatonin - PubMed
Abstract by Tahereh Mirmajidi, Faraz Chogan, Ali Hossein Rezayan and Ali Mohammad Sharifi (Tehran, Iran - Int J Pharm.).

Identification of a novel collagen-like peptide by high-throughput screening for effective wound-healing therapy - PubMed
Abstract by Chunyu Du, Ying Li, Xiaoling Xia, Erxia Du, Yuhua Lin, Junyi Lian, Chonghua Ren, Sheng Li, Wei Wei and Yiru Qin (China - Int J Biol Macromol.).

Berberine accelerated wound healing by restoring TrxR1/JNK in diabetes - Portlandpress.com
Article by Rui Zhou, Changpei Xiang, Guangzhao Cao, He Xu, Yi Zhang, Hongjun Yang and Jingjing Zhang (Beijing, China). The authors's data indicated that topical BBR treatment accelerated diabetic wound healing by activating TrxR1. Targeting TrxR1 may be a novel, effective strategy for restoring redox homeostasis and promoting diabetic wound healing.

Skin regeneration is accelerated by a lower dose of multipotent mesenchymal stromal/stem cells - a paradigm change - Biomedcentral.com
Article by Gertraud Eylert, Reinhard Dolp, Alexandra Parousis, Richard Cheng, Christopher Auger, Magdalena Holter, Ingrid Lang-Olip, Viola Reiner, Lars-Peter Kamolz and Marc G. Jeschke (Canada, Austria - Stem Cell Research & Therapy). This regenerative cell therapy study using MSCs shows efficacy toward a low dose, which changes the paradigm that more cells lead to better wound healing outcome.

Wound-induced polyploidization is dependent on Integrin-Yki signaling - Biologists.com
Article by Rose Besen-McNally, Kayla J. Gjelsvik and Vicki P. Losick (USA, Biology Open). Wound healing is perturbed when focal adhesion genes are knocked down. These findings show that conserved focal adhesion signaling is required to initiate wound-induced polyploid cell growth.

Prevalence and characteristics of older people with pressure ulcers and legs ulcers, in nursing homes in Barcelona - PubMed
Abstract by Elvira Hernández-Martínez-Esparza, Rosalia Santesmases-Masana, Eva Román, Mercedes Abades Porcel, Ainhoa Torner Busquet, Míriam Berenguer Pérez and José Verdú-Soriano (Spain, J Tissue Viability).

In vitro and in vivo antibacterial properties of peptide AMC-109 impregnated wound dressings and gels - Nature.com
Article by Joakim Håkansson, Jorunn Pauline Cavanagh, Wenche Stensen, Bjarte Mortensen, John-Sigurd Svendsen and Johan Svenson (Sweden, Norway - The Journal of Antibiotics). It is concluded that AMC-109 represents a promising entry in the development of new and effective remedies for various skin infections.

Neutrophil count in the gingival wound healing process after apitoxin gel application (gingival wound healing model on Wistar rats) - Ugm.ac.id
Article by Urfa Tabtila, Swastiana Eka Yunita, Muhammad Nabil Pratama and Juni Handajani (Yogyakarta, Indonesia - Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Indonesia). The authors' results showed there were significan defferebces among 4 groups (p<0.05). The highest neutrophil count on the 2nd day was found in the apitoxin gel induced the 2nd day of gingival wound healing process.

Bioabsorbable adhesive sheet can close wounds in tissues and organs - Medicalxpress.com
NIMS has developed a surgical wound dressing sheet capable of closing wounds in wet biological tissues by simply being placed over a wound. This sheet also showed biodegradability during wound healing. In addition, this sheet demonstrated higher adhesion and biocompatibility compared to currently used surgical sealants while having the same level of wound healing efficacy.

Prevalence of pressure injuries among critically ill patients and factors associated with their occurrence in the intensive care unit: The PRESSURE study - PubMed
Abstract by Gwenaëlle Jacq, Sabine Valera, Grégoire Muller, Guillaume Decormeille, Atika Youssoufa, Laurent Poiroux, François Allaert, Brigitte Barrois, Florian Rigaudier, Paulo Ferreira, David Huard, Nicholas Heming, Nadia Aissaoui, Saber Barbar, Florence Boissier, David Grimaldi, Sami Hraiech, Jean Baptiste Lascarrou, Gaël Piton, Philippe Michel and PRESSURE Trial Group, SRLF, France (France - Aust Crit Care).

Quyu Shengji Formula Facilitates Diabetic Wound Healing via Inhibiting the Expression of Prostaglandin Transporter - Hindawi.com
Article by Yi Lu, Xiaojie Ding, Fei Qi, Yi Ru, Le Kuai, Siting Chen, Yingyao Yang, Xin Li, Fulun Li, Bin Li, Mi Zhou and Kan Ze (Shanghai, China - Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine). The authors' findings reveal that Quyu Shengji Formula ameliorates diabetes-associated wound healing defects by abolishing the expression of prostaglandin transporter.

Negative pressure wound therapy promotes wound healing by suppressing macrophage inflammation in diabetic ulcers - PubMed
Abstract by Haichen Song, Yu Xu, Wenchuan Chang, Junli Zhuang and Xiaowei Wu (Wuhan, China - Regen Med.).

Chronic wounds multimodal image database - PubMed
Abstract by Michał Kręcichwost, Joanna Czajkowska, Agata Wijata, Jan Juszczyk, Bartłomiej Pyciński, Marta Biesok, Marcin Rudzki, Jakub Majewski, Jacek Kostecki and Ewa Pietka (Poland - Comput Med Imaging Graph.).

Hyaluronic acid electrospinning: Challenges, applications in wound dressings and new perspectives - PubMed
Abstract by Karine Cappuccio de Castro, Maria Gabriela Nogueira Campos and Lucia Helena Innocentini Mei (Brazil - Int J Biol Macromol.).

Automatic wound detection and size estimation using deep learning algorithms - Biorxiv.org
Article by H´ector Carri´on, Mohammad Jafari, Michelle Dawn Bagood, Hsin-ya Yang, Roslyn Rivkah Isseroff and Marcella Gomez (Puerto Rico, USA - bioRxiv). The authors' work focuses on images of wounded laboratory mice that are used widely for translationally relevant wound studies. The authors compare results to that of expert measurements and demonstrate preservation of information relevant to predicting wound closure despite variability from machine-to-expert and even expert-to-expert. The proposed system resulted in high fidelity results on unseen data with minimal human intervention.

An atmospheric plasma jet induces expression of wound healing genes in progressive burn wounds in a comb burn rat model: a pilot study - Oup.com
Article by Yoonjee Lee, Sanjaya Ricky, Tae Ho Lim, Hongjung Kim, Eui Jung Lee, Yeongtak Song, Sunmi Lee and Yongwoo Jang (Seoul, Korea - Journal of Burn Care and Research). The authors showed that plasma jet treatment could improve burn wound healing by altering the expression of genes involved in the development of wound healing.

Investigators find no evidence of effective healing from a medicinal plant used in Brazil - Iwoundsnews.com
A systematic review published in Wound Management and Prevention did not find evidence of the in vivo effectiveness of Plantago major—a medicinal plant that has been used for centuries to treat various health conditions, including wounds - for wound healing.

The ABCESS System for Chronic Wound Management: A New Acronym for Lower Extremity Wound Management - PubMed
Abstract by James McGuire, Ebony Love, Tracey C Vlahovic, Khurram Khan, Ziad G Labbad, Lesly Robinson, Spruha Magodia, Akram Aljumail, Laura Adler and Joshua Stewart (USA - Wounds).

Comparison of polyurethane foam dressing and hydrocolloid dressing in patients with pressure ulcers: A randomized controlled trial protocol - PubMed
Abstract by Yan Jin, Jun Li, Shuai Wu and Fei Zhou (China - Medicine (Baltimore)).

6 Ideas for Virtual Wound Care Education - Woundsource.com
Article by Holly M. Hovan. As we continue to socially distance and limit interactions, meetings, and large gatherings during the pandemic, continuing education in the medical field is still important. Therefore, much of our education has moved to a virtual format. Without hands-on interactions, face-to-face discussion, and in-person enthusiasm, it can be difficult to engage your audience.

3 Micronutrients to Help with Wound Healing - Woundsource.com
Article by Lauren Lazarevski. Could metallic micronutrients be the missing link for your patient with a chronic wound? When we consider the nutrition required to optimize wound healing, protein supplementation is usually the star of the show. However, there are micronutrients involved in wound healing on a cellular level.

Antimicrobial and Wound Healing Potential of a New Chemotype from Piper cubeba L. Essential Oil and In Silico Study on S. aureus tyrosyl-tRNA Synthetase Protein - Mdpi.com
Article by Fahad Alminderej, Sana Bakari, Tariq I. Almundarij, Mejdi Snoussi, Kaïss Aouadi and Adel Kadri (Saudi Arabia, Tunisia - Plants). The topic use of PCEO healing cream showed significant effect in accelerating the healing process, which may be attributed to the synergetic effect of antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of PCEO volatile constituents, making it a relevant therapeutic agent for the management of wounds and therefore confirming the popular traditional uses of this plant.

All About Radiofrequency Microneedling - Healthline.com
Radiofrequency microneedling is a cosmetic procedure. It uses tiny needles and radiofrequency waves to rejuvenate facial skin. The treatment is a form of controlled skin injury. The damage stimulates the growth of healthy new skin, which can benefit common skin issues like acne scars and wrinkles.

The Efficacy of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy for Split-thickness Skin Grafts for Wounds on the Trunk or the Neck: A Randomized Controlled Trial - PubMed
Abstract by Hong Sil Joo, Seung Je Lee, Sang-Yeul Lee and Kun Yong Sung (South Korea - Wounds).

The impact of a pressure ulcer prevention educational program based on the health belief model for persons with spinal cord injury - PubMed
Abstract by Natiara Mohamad Hashim, Julia Patrick Engkasan and Nazirah Hasnan (Malaysia - J Spinal Cord Med.).

The Use of Topical Oxygen Therapy to Treat a Calciphylaxis Wound During a Global Pandemic: A Case Report - PubMed
Abstract by Windy Cole, Courtney M Yoder and Stacey Coe (Richmond Heights, USA - Wounds).

The Effect of Topical Administration of an Ointment Prepared From Trifolium repens Hydroethanolic Extract on the Acceleration of Excisional Cutaneous Wound Healing - PubMed
Abstract by Sarah W Manning, David A Humphrey, William R Shillinglaw, Eric Crawford, Gaurav Pranami, Ankit Agarwal and Michael J Schurr (USA - Wounds).

Dressings for preventing pressure ulcers: how do they work? - PubMed
Abstract by Pinar Avsar, Zena Moore and Declan Patton (Australia, China, UK, Saudi Arabia - J Wound Care).

New insights into wound healing process - Eurekalert.org
Biomedical engineers developed a technique to observe wound healing in real time, discovering a central role for cells known as fibroblasts. The work, reported in APL Bioengineering, by AIP Publishing, is the first demonstration of a wound closure model within human vascularized tissue in a petri dish.

Nanocellulose‐based wound dressing for conservative wound management in children with second‐degree burns - Wiley.com
Article by Annika Resch, Clement Staud and Christine Radtke (Vienna, Austria - International Wound Journal). The nanocellulose‐based dressing is a promising tool in conservative treatment of burns. Reducing the frequency of dressing changes supports a fast and undisturbed recovery; moreover, the dressing provides an optimal moist healing environment.

Poly(aspartic acid) based self-healing hydrogels with antibacterial and light-emitting properties for wound repair - PubMed
Abstract by Jiafu Shen, Ziwei Zhou, Danyang Chen, Yong Wang, Yingna He, Dong Wang and Jianglei Qin (China - Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces).

Negative Pressure Wound Therapy in Conjunction With Artificial Dermis for Burned Hand Reconstruction - PubMed
Abstract by Kuang-Ling Ou, Yuan-Sheng Tzeng, Hung-Hui Liu, Chien-Ju Wu, Chun-Yu Chen, Yu-Yu Chou, Kuo-Feng Hsu, Chih-Hsin Wang, Niann-Tzyy Dai and Chun-Kai Chang (Taipei, Taiwan - Ann Plast Surg.).

Macrophages in Healing Wounds: Paradoxes and Paradigms - Mdpi.com
Article by Luisa A. DiPietro, Traci A. Wilgus and Timothy J. Koh (USA - IJMS). Recent advances in the authors' understanding of wound macrophage phenotypes, along with new information about cellular plasticity in wounds, may provide some explanation for the apparently contradictory findings and suggest new paradigms regarding macrophage function in wound.

Growth Promoting Effect of Vacuum Sealing Drainage in the Healing Processes of Diabetic Foot Ulcers - Dovepress.com
Article by Hui Yang, Lan Liu, Gai Li, Yinchen Chen, Dong Jiang, Wei Wang, Tianyuan Wang, Jinshan Sun, Jianfang Che, Dongmei Gu, Meng Lu and Aiping Wang (Nanjing, China - Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management). VSD could significantly accelerate the wound healing process, probably by enhancing the inflammatory response and promoting granulation and angiogenesis in DFUs.

Mechanotransduction in Wound Healing: From the Cellular and Molecular Level to the Clinic - PubMed
Abstract by Siqi Fu, Adriana Panayi, Jincai Fan, Horacio F Mayer, Mahendra Daya, Roger K Khouri, Geoffrey C Gurtner, Rei Ogawa and Dennis P Orgill (Adv Skin Wound Care).

Evaluation of the combination of a biofilm-disrupting agent and negative pressure wound therapy: a case series - PubMed
Abstract by Thomas E Serena, Omar Jalodi, Laura Serena, Keyur Patel and Matthew Mynti (USA - J Wound Care).

Multi-faceted enhancement of full-thickness skin wound healing by treatment with autologous micro skin tissue columns - Nature.com
Article by Christiane Fuchs, Linh Pham, Jermaine Henderson, Katherine J. Stalnaker, R. Rox Anderson and Joshua Tam (Boston, USA). The authors found that MSTC-derived cells were able to remodel and repopulate the wound volume, and positively impact multiple aspects of the wound healing process, including accelerating re-epithelialization by providing multiple cell sources throughout the wound area, increasing collagen deposition, enhancing dermal remodeling, and attenuating the inflammatory response.

Molecular Changes Underlying Hypertrophic Scarring Following Burns Involve Specific Deregulations at All Wound Healing Stages (Inflammation, Proliferation and Maturation) - Mdpi.com
Article by Matúš Čoma, Lucia Fröhlichová, Lukáš Urban, Robert Zajíček, Tomáš Urban, Pavol Szabo, Štěpán Novák, Vitaly Fetissov, Barbora Dvořánková, Karel Smetana, Jr. and Peter Gál (Slovakia, Czech Rep. - IJMS). The authors briefly review molecular changes underlying hypertrophic scarring following burns throughout all basic wound healing stages, i.e. during inflammation, proliferation and maturation.

Antibacterial and Wound Healing Activities of Topical Gel of Jatropha variegata Vahl Extract in Rats - Mazums.ac.ir
Article by Abdulkarim Kassem Alzomor, Nahlah Mansour Sallam, Shehab Aldeen Al-Fotaihy, Bassam Al-Moliki and Badr Aldeen Al-Zohairy (Rep. of Yemen, Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Research). J. variegata exhibited high antibacterial activity against the targeted strains and remarkable wound healing activity when applied topically on the skin of rats in a gel dosage form.

Characteristics of Hospital Acquired Pressure Ulcer and Factors Affecting Its Development: A Retrospective Study - PubMed
Abstract by Hatan Mortada, Nader Malatani, Basim A Awan and Hattan Aljaaly (Saudi Arabia - Cureus)

pdf (2,7 mB)!
In Vitro Evaluation of Polihexanide, Octenidine and NaClO/HClO-Based Antiseptics against Biofilm Formed by Wound Pathogens - Mdpi.com
Article by Grzegorz Krasowski, Adam Junka, Justyna Paleczny, Joanna Czajkowska, Elzbieta Makomaska-Szaroszyk, Grzegorz Chodaczek, Michał Majkowski, Paweł Migdał, Karol Fijałkowski, Beata Kowalska-Krochmal and Marzenna Bartoszewicz (Poland - Membranes). The data presented in this paper indicate that polihexanide- or octenidine-based antiseptics are highly useful in the treatment of biofilm, while hypochlorite-based antiseptics with low chlorine content may be applied for wound rinsing but not when specific antibiofilm activity is required.

What Causes Skin Ulcers And How To Heal Them? - Statsglobe.com
If you’re noticing a wound on your skin that won’t heal then don’t neglect it as it might be a skin ulcer. Skin ulcers cause complications if not treated properly. Let’s know all about skin ulcers and how to treat them.

Alginate-gum acacia based sponges as potential wound dressings for exuding and bleeding wounds - PubMed
Abstract by K Ngece, B A Aderibigbe, D T Ndinteh, Y T Fonkui and P Kumar (South Africa - Int J Biol Macromol.).

Free Gingival Graft and Collagen Matrix Revascularization in an Enoral Open Wound Situation - PubMed
Abstract by Raimund H M Preidl, Sky Reichert, Talisa V Coronel, Marco Kesting, Falk Wehrhan and Christian M Schmitt (Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany - J Oral Maxillofac Surg.).

Inhibition of Circulating Exosomal miRNA-20b-5p Accelerates Diabetic Wound Repair - Dovepress.com
Article by Kai Chen, Tao Yu and Xin Wang (Shanghai, China - International Journal of Nanomedicine). Dia-Exos exhibit significant increases in miR-20b-5p relative to Con-Exos, and this miRNA can be transferred into HSFs wherein it can suppress VEGFA expression and thereby slow the process of wound healing.

The Health Benefits of Glycosaminoglycans - Verywellhealth.com
Article by Lindsay Curtis. The glycosaminoglycans (also known as mucopolysaccharides) primarily function to support the most important structural proteins of the skin: collagen and elastin. GAGs aid in scar and wound healing, too. They do this by helping the body rebuild collagen, a major component in maintaining the structure of the skin and speeding up wound and scar healing.

Scientists discover a gene for scarless skin regeneration - Massivesci.com
Article by Sree Rama Chaitanya. Human fetal skin can regenerate without scars, but we somehow lose this power as we age. Now, scientists found a gene expressed by a specific cell type in the deeper layers in the skin of newborns that supports scar-free regeneration after wounds.

Platelet-Rich Fibrin Enhances Surgical Wound Healing in Total Laryngectomy - PubMed
Abstract by Mirta H Reksodiputro, Syahrial M Hutauruk, Dini W Widodo, Fauziah Fardizza and Dita Mutia (Jakarta, Indonesia - Facial Plast Surg.).

Co- localization of Flt1 and tryptase of mast cells in skin wound of rats with type I diabetes: Initial studies - PubMed
Abstract by Mohammad Bayat, Sufan Chien and Farzaneh Chehelcheraghi (USA, Iran - Acta Histochem.).

Dermal fibroblasts cultured from donors with type 2 diabetes mellitus retain an epigenetic memory associated with poor wound healing responses - Nature.com
Article by Aaiad H. A. Al-Rikabi, Desmond J. Tobin, Kirsten Riches-Suman and M. Julie Thornton (UK, Ireland, Iraq). The authors' data demonstrate that T2DM-DF exhibit a selective loss of responsiveness to TNF-α, particularly regarding proliferative and secretory functions. This highlights important phenotypic changes in T2DM-DF that may explain the susceptibility to chronic wounds in these patients.

Effect of White Tea (Camellia sinensis) Extract on Skin Wound Healing Process in Rats - Wjps.ir
Article by Golnoush Kouhihabibidehkordi, Soleiman Kheiri, Iraj Karimi, Fatemeh Taheri, Elham Bijad, Mohammad Bahadoram, Zahra Alibabaie, Shirin Asgharian, Hajar Zamani and Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei (Iran). White tea 5% extract did not improve the wound healing process except neovascularization, attributed to the observed inflammation. The only factor ameliorated by white tea extract was neovascularization which may be due to polyphenols and antioxidant effects of white tea.

Multifunctional Sutures with Temperature Sensing and Infection Control - PubMed
Abstract by Shadi Houshyar, Amitava Bhattacharyya, Asma Khalid, Aaqil Rifai, Chaitali Dekiwadia, G Sathish Kumar, Phong A Tran and Kate Fox (Australia, India - Macromol Biosci.).

Fatty acid potassium improves human dermal fibroblast viability and cytotoxicity, accelerating human epidermal keratinocyte wound healing in vitro and in human chronic wounds - PubMed
Abstract by Akihiro Masunaga, Takayoshi Kawahara, Hayato Morita, Kohji Nakazawa, Yuto Tokunaga and Sadanori Akita (Japan - Int Wound J.).

Shape memory alloy as an internal splint in a rat model of excisional wound healing - PubMed
Abstract by Sang Oon Baek, Uk Jang, Jeonghwan Shin, Jun Hyeok Kim, Jie Hyun Kim and Jun Yong Lee (Seoul, South Korea - Biomed Mater.).

The clinical impact of hydroresponsive dressings in dynamic wound healing: Part I - Magonlinelibrary.com
Article by Francois Sterpione, Karine Mas, Mark Rippon, Alan Rogers, Georges Mayeux, Florian Rigaudier, Pierre Chauvelot, Ludovic Robilliart, Christine Juhel and Yann Lecomte (Journal of Wound Care). In this study, the hydroresponsive wound dressing was highly effective in preparing a clean wound bed such that the next stage of wound healing could be supported.

In Vitro Investigation of Thiol-Functionalized Cellulose Nanofibrils as a Chronic Wound Environment Modulator - Mdpi.com
Article by Anna Blasi-Romero, Carlos Palo-Nieto, Corine Sandström, Jonas Lindh, Maria Strømme and Natalia Ferraz (Uppsala, Sweden - Polymers). The present work highlights cys-CNF as a promising novel material for the development of bioactive wound dressings for the treatment of chronic wounds.

Silk fibroin/poly-(L-lactide-co-caprolactone) nanofiber scaffolds loaded with Huangbai Liniment to accelerate diabetic wound healing - PubMed
Abstract by Xiaoqing Xu, Xiangsheng Wang, Chengxue Qin, Atta Ur Rehman Khan, Wenjie Zhang and Xiumei Mo (China, Australia - Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces).

In-vivo wound healing activity of a novel composite sponge loaded with mucilage and lipoidal matter of Hibiscus species - PubMed
Abstract by Riham O Bakr, Reham I Amer, Dalia Attia, Mai M Abdelhafez, Asmaa K Al-Mokaddem, Abdel Nasser El Gendy, Ahlam M El-Fishawy, Marwa A A Fayed and Sameh S Gad (Egypt - Biomed Pharmacother.).

Omega-7 oil increases telomerase activity and accelerates healing of grafted burn and donor site wounds - Nature.com
Article by Yosuke Niimi, Dannelys Pérez-Bello, Koji Ihara, Satoshi Fukuda, Sam Jacob, Clark R. Andersen, Tuvshintugs Baljinnyam, Jisoo Kim, Suzan Alharbi, Donald S. Prough and Perenlei Enkhbaatar (USA, Japan). Topical application of Omega-7 accelerates healing of both grafted burn and donor site wounds. Omega-7 should be considered as a cost-efficient and effective supplement therapy for burn wound healing.

The Way of the Wound - Ormanagement.net
Article by Masood Shariff and Peter Kyunghwan Kim. Wound care requires an understanding of normal wound healing, causes of delays of wound healing, and the management of wounds. Every wound must be treated in regard to cause, chronicity, location and level of microbial contamination, as well as critical patient factors that greatly affect wound healing, such as age, immunosuppression, nutrition, off-loading and eradication of infection.

How Wound Healing Determines Mental Health - Longevitylive.com
One aspect of wound care that does not receive as much attention as others is the long-term mental health impact that chronic or acute wounds have on patients. The importance of body image for well-being has recently begun to receive more attention in the age of social media, especially in terms of how it affects our mental health.

A soft silicone foam dressing that aids healing and comfort in oncology care - Magonlinelibrary.com
Abstract by Susy Pramod (British Journal of Nursing).

Identification of risk factors of developing pressure injuries among immobile patient, and a risk prediction model establishment: A protocol for systematic review - PubMed
Abstract by Ke-Lu Yang, Lin Chen, Ying-Ying Kang, Li-Na Xing, Hai-Ling Li, Peng Cheng and Zong-Hui Song (China - Medicine (Baltimore)).

A novel human ex vivo skin model to study early local responses to burn injuries - Nature.com
Article by Elisabeth Hofmann, Julia Fink, Anita Eberl, Eva-Maria Prugger, Dagmar Kolb, Hanna Luze, Simon Schwingenschuh, Thomas Birngruber, Christoph Magnes, Selma I. Mautner, Lars-Peter Kamolz and Petra Kotzbeck (Graz, Austria). This novel ex vivo human skin model is suitable to study the local, early responses to skin injuries such as burns while maintaining an intact overall tissue structure and it gives valuable insights into local mechanisms at the very beginning of the wound healing process after burn injuries.

Restarting the Healing Process of Chronic Wounds Using a Novel Desiccant: A Prospective Case Series - Woundresearch.com
Article by Albert Cogo, Bert J. Quint and Carlo Alberto Bignozzi (Wounds). The authors developed a novel desiccant to serve as a new form of chemical debridement. The objective is to establish its working mechanism.

The effects of Brazilian chitosan-based biomaterials on wound healing in rats - PubMed
Abstract by Vanessa Gaissler, Flavia Tasmin Techera Antunes, Elenir Willand, Sônia Beatriz Scholl Duarte, Cecilia Suzane Pires, Ruth Natali Florentin Machado, Iasmine Berbigier de Oliveira, Luciano Pighinelli and Alessandra Hubner de Souza (Canoas, Brazil - Tissue Cell).

Compression Pressure Variability in Upper Limb Multilayer Bandaging Applied by Lymphedema Therapists - PubMed
Abstract by Hisako Hara, Maki Yoshida, Noriko Ikehata, Shigeko Tachibana, Nobumitsu Hamanaka, Katsura Nakakawaji and Makoto Mihara (Tokyo, Japan - Lymphat Res Biol.).

Complex Reconstruction of the Hand and Extremities - Woundresearch.com
Shaun D. Mendenhall, MD, presents his early experience with a biodegradable temporizing matrix (BTM) in a variety of challenging indications.Throughout the presentation, he shares insight into his complex wound techniques with BTM using case examples involving necrotizing fasciitis, synovial sarcoma resection, and skin necrosis.

New prospects in skin regeneration and repair using nanophased hydroxyapatite embedded in collagen nanofibers - PubMed
Abstract by Nilza Ribeiro, Aureliana Sousa, Cassilda Cunha-Reis, Ana Leite Oliveira, Pedro L Granja, Fernando J Monteiro and Susana R Sousa (Porto, Portugal - Nanomedicine).

ECM-regulation of Autophagy: The Yin and the Yang of autophagy during wound healing - PubMed
Abstract by Kyle Sylakowski and Alan Wells (Pittsburgh, USA - Matrix Biol.).

In-vivo evaluation of alginate-pectin hydrogel film loaded with simvastatin for diabetic wound healing in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats - PubMed
Abstract by Masoud Rezvanian, Shiow-Fern Ng, Taradokht Alavi and Waqas Ahmad (Malaysia - Int J Biol Macromol.).

Lymphaticovenous anastomosis for advanced-stage lower limb lymphedema - PubMed
Abstract by Hisako Hara and Makoto Mihara (Tokyo, Japan - Microsurgery).

Expert EWMA group highlight need for investment in maternity services research - Iwoundsnews.com
"Investment in maternity services research is essential for our understanding of the extent of wound-related complications for the postpartum mother and improved clinical pathways for wound management," write Charmaine Childs (Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK), Kylie Sandy-Hodgetts (University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia), and colleagues in an evidence-based consensus document for healthcare workers published by the European Wound Management Association (EWMA).

AI-powered remote wound assessment device as effective as bedside examination, study finds - Iwoundsnews.com
Remote wound assessment undertaken by physicians is as effective through an artificial intelligence (AI) medical device as bedside examination, a new study published in the Journal of Wound Care concludes.

Insulin-Containing Wound Dressing Promotes Diabetic Wound Healing Through Stabilizing HIF-1α - PubMed
Abstract by Peilang Yang, Di Wang, Yan Shi, Mingzhong Li, Min Gao, Tianyi Yu, Dan Liu, Jie Zhang, Jizhuang Wang, Xiong Zhang and Yan Liu (China - Front Bioeng Biotechnol.).

External stoma diversion: a palliative measure for peristomal wound healing in resource-limited settings - PubMed
Abstract by Rachel W Davis, Youmna A Sherif and Catherine Anne Morrison (Houston, USA - J Surg Case Rep.).

Octenidine-based hydrogel shows anti-inflammatory and protease-inhibitory capacities in wounded human skin - Nature.com
Article by Saskia Seiser, Lukas Janker, Nina Zila, Michael Mildner, Ana Rakita, Johannes Matiasek, Andrea Bileck, Christopher Gerner, Verena Paulitschke and Adelheid Elbe-Bürger (Vienna, Austria). The authors' data provide further new insights into the mode of action by which octenidine dihydrochloride improves wound healing in clinical settings, as we reported anti-inflammatory and protease-inhibitory activities of OCT in wounded human skin and identified the dermal proteome as its main target.

Are Self-Inflicted Stab Wounds Less Severe Than Assaults? Analysis of Injury and Severity by Intent - PubMed
Abstract by Kyle Mock, Allison G McNickle, Carmen E Flores, Brandon Radow, Katie Velez, Deborah A Kuhls, Douglas R Fraser and Paul J Chestovich (Las Vegas, USA - J Surg Res.).

Hospital acquired pressure injury prediction in surgical critical care patients - PubMed
Abstract by Jenny Alderden, Kathryn P Drake, Andrew Wilson, Jonathan Dimas, Mollie R Cummins and Tracey L Yap (USA - BMC Med Inform Decis Mak.).

The characteristics and impact of hard-to-heal wounds: results of a standardised survey - PubMed
Abstract by Jeanette Milne, Richard Searle and Tim Styche (UK - J Wound Care).

The effect of self-treatment of wounds on quality of life: a qualitative study - PubMed
Abstract by Suzanne Kapp and Nick Santamaria (Melbourne, Australia - J Wound Care).

Understanding the Braden Scale: Focus on Sensory Perception (Part 1) - Woundsource.com
Article by Holly Hovan. The Braden Scale for Predicting Pressure Sore Risk is an important tool used by wound care professionals in patient assessments. Learn more about the sensory perception subscale before you score your patients.

Are You a Wound Care Detective? - Woundsource.com
Article by Emily Greenstein. Wound care professionals often have to do some detective work to understand the cause of a wound. The author provides tips for how to begin your investigation.

Comparison of Healthcare Costs Associated With Patients Receiving Traditional Negative Pressure Wound Therapies in the Post-Acute Setting - PubMed
Abstract by Amy L Law, Blake Krebs, Bhavana Karnik and Leah Griffin (USA - Cureus).

The negative pressure wound therapy may salvage the infected mesh following open incisional hernia repair - PubMed
Abstract by K Boettge, S Azarhoush, J Fiebelkorn, G De Santo, N Aljedani, P Ortiz, S Anders, M Hünerbein and C Paasch (USA, Germany - Ann Med Surg (Lond).).

A Comparative Study between Indigenous Low Cost Negative Pressure Wound Therapy with Added Local Oxygen versus Conventional Negative Pressure Wound Therapy - PubMed
Abstract by A Singh, K Panda, J Mishra and A Dash (Bhubaneswar, India - Malays Orthop J.).

The In Vivo, In Vitro and In Ovo Evaluation of Quantum Dots in Wound Healing: A Review - Mdpi.com
Article by Atiqah Salleh and Mh Busra Fauzi (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia - Polymers). The application of QDs support the wound healing phases and proven to be effective in vivo, in vitro and in ovo. However, the future QDs work should focus on the molecular level for the details of cellular interactions and pathways.

Bedsores or pressure ulcers: What you need to know - Medicalnewstoday.com
Pressure sores, or bedsores, can develop if a person spends a long time in the same position. Also known as pressure ulcers, these sores form due to lasting pressure on specific areas of the body. They can develop anywhere, but the bony parts of the elbows, knees, heels, tailbone, and ankles are often more susceptible.

Platelets Facilitate the Wound-Healing Capability of Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Mitochondrial Transfer and Metabolic Reprogramming - PubMed
Abstract by Jennyfer Levoux, Alexandre Prola, Peggy Lafuste, Marianne Gervais, Nathalie Chevallier, Zeynab Koumaiha, Kaouthar Kefi, Laura Braud, Alain Schmitt, Azzedine Yacia, Aurélie Schirmann, Barbara Hersant, Mounia Sid-Ahmed, Sabrina Ben Larbi, Katerina Komrskova, Jakub Rohlena, Frederic Relaix, Jiri Neuzil and Anne-Marie Rodriguez (France, Czech Republic - Cell Metab.).

Stem cells and growth factors-based delivery approaches for chronic wound repair and regeneration: A promise to heal from within - PubMed
Abstract by Preety Sharma, Arun Kumar, Asmita Deka Dey, Tapan Behl and Swati Chadha (Chitkara, India - Life Sci.).

Negative pressure wound therapy for broncho-pleural fistula with collapsed lung - PubMed
Abstract by Yuya Hirai, Yoshinori Yamashita, Hirofumi Tazawa, Takahisa Suzuki, Sari Fujimoto, Takahiro Uemura and Takeshi Mimura (Hiroshima, Japan - Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg.).

The Pathophysiology of Skin Failure vs. Pressure Injury: Conditions That Cause Integument Destruction and Their Associated Implications - Woundresearch.com
Article by Michael Bain, Junko Hara and Marissa J. Carter. Clinicians need to better understand the pathophysiology and classification of integument injuries by underlying etiologies both avoidable and unavoidable. A more accurate diagnosis would lead to more appropriate treatment strategies, an improved quality of care for affected patients, less wasted resources and reduced financial penalties for healthcare providers, and decreased medicolegal claims.

IIT Delhi, Ayurveda institute to develop herbal wound dressing, fumigation device for wound healing - Tribuneindia.com
The Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) here and the All India Institute of Ayurveda (AIIA) have joined hands to work on seven collaborative projects including development of herbal wound dressing, a fumigation device for aiding wound healing and a herbal formulation to reduce the harmful effects of reusing cooking oil.

Gotu Kola Benefits Wound Healing - Newsmax.com
Article by Russell Blaylock. One of the best-known effects of gotu kola is its ability to promote wound healing. One study in which difficult-to-heal wounds were created in rats to test this effect demonstrated that gotu kola used as an ointment, cream, or gel significantly increased the healing of wounds by increasing the reproduction of healing cells, increasing the synthesis of collagen, and increasing the collagen’s tensile strength.

Arterial insufficiencies: Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Selected Problem Wounds - PubMed
Abstract by Enoch T Huang, Davut J Savaser and Marvin Heyboer Iii (USA - Undersea Hyperb Med.).

Nanocomposite scaffolds for accelerating chronic wound healing by enhancing angiogenesis - Biomedcentral.com
Article by Hamed Nosrati, Reza Aramideh Khouy, Ali Nosrati, Mohammad Khodaei, Mehdi Banitalebi-Dehkordi, Korosh Ashrafi-Dehkordi, Samira Sanami and Zohreh Alizadeh (Iran - Journal of Nanobiotechnology). In this review, we focused on molecular mechanisms and key factors in angiogenesis, the role of nanobiomaterials in angiogenesis, and scaffold-based tissue engineering approaches for accelerated wound healing based on improved angiogenesis.

Evaluation of Wound-Healing and Antioxidant Effects of Marantodes pumilum (Blume) Kuntze in an Excision Wound Model - Mdpi.com
Article by Shihab Uddin Ahmad, Nor-Ashila Binti Aladdin, Jamia Azdina Jamal, Ahmad Nazrun Shuid and Isa Naina Mohamed (Malaysia, China - Molecules). MP facilitated the wound healing process in the male rat model. A histological analysis among MP-treated groups revealed better re-epithelialization, enhanced fibronectin content and fibroblast cells, as well as higher fiber transformation from collagen-III to collagen-I accompanied with an abatement of inflammatory cells in the granulation tissues.

Brain Cancer Linked to Tissue Healing - Neurosciencenews.com
Study reports brain tumors may arise when damaged brain tissue does not heal correctly. Researchers say some glioblastoma form when the normal healing process gets derailed by mutations. This process could begin many years before patients become symptomatic of brain cancer.

Association of wound genesis on varying aspects of health‐related quality of life in patients with different types of chronic wounds: Results of a cross‐sectional multicentre study - Wiley.com
Article by Finja Reinboldt‐Jockenhöfer, Zeynep Babadagi, Heinz‐Dieter Hoppe, Alexander Risse, Christos Rammos, Anna Cyrek, Christine Blome, Sven Benson and Joachim Dissemond (International Wound Journal). The authors' data offer evidence that HRQoL shows clinically relevant differences between patients with chronic wounds of different genesis.

The Acceleration of Diabetic Wound Healing by Low-Intensity Extracorporeal Shockwave Involves in the GSK-3β Pathway - Biomedcentral.com
Article by Hamed Nosrati, Reza Aramideh Khouy, Ali Nosrati, Mohammad Khodaei, Mehdi Banitalebi-Dehkordi, Korosh Ashrafi-Dehkordi, Samira Sanami and Zohreh Alizadeh (Iran, Journal of Nanobiotechnology). The authors focused on molecular mechanisms and key factors in angiogenesis, the role of nanobiomaterials in angiogenesis, and scaffold-based tissue engineering approaches for accelerated wound healing based on improved angiogenesis.

Multifunctional hydrogels for wound healing: Special focus on biomacromolecular based hydrogels - PubMed
Abstract by Nahideh Asadi, Hamidreza Pazoki-Toroudi, Azizeh Rahmani Del Bakhshayesh, Abolfazl Akbarzadeh, Soodabeh Davaran and Nasim Annabi (Iran, USA - Int J Biol Macromol.).

Association of sleep-disordered breathing and wound healing in patients with diabetic foot ulcers - PubMed
Abstract by Lihong Chen, Wanxia Ma, Naima Covassin, Dawei Chen, Panpan Zha, Chun Wang, Yun Gao, Weiwei Tang, Fei Lei, Xiangdong Tang and Xingwu Ran (China, USA - J Clin Sleep Med.).

Bio-artificial pleura using autologous dermal fibroblast sheets to mitigate air leaks during thoracoscopic lung resection - Nautre.com
Article by Masato Kanzaki, Ryo Takagi, Kaoru Washio, Mami Kokubo, Shota Mitsuboshi, Tamami Isaka and Masayuki Yamato (Tokyo, Japan - npj Regenerative Medicine). Lung air leaks (LALs) due to visceral pleura injury during surgery are a difficult-to-avoid complication in thoracic surgery (TS). Reliable LAL closure is an important patient management issue after TS. The authors demonstrated both safeties of transplantation of a cultured human autologous dermal fibroblast sheet (DFS) to LALs.

Prophylactic Negative-pressure Dressings Reduce Wound Complications and Resource Burden After Emergency Laparotomies - PubMed
Abstract by David S Liu, Chao Cheng, Rumana Islam, Mark Tacey, Ankur Sidhu, David Lam and Neil Strugnell (Australia, UK - J Surg Res.).

Friction characteristics of preventative wound dressings under clinically-relevant conditions - PubMed
Abstract by Stephen Sprigle, Riley Caminiti and Michael Varenberg (Atlanta, USA - Wound Repair Regen.).

Cellular benefits of single-use negative pressure wound therapy demonstrated in a novel ex vivo human skin wound model - PubMed
Abstract by Holly N Wilkinson, Francesca L Longhorne, Elizabeth R Roberts, Varuni R Brownhill and Matthew J Hardman (Hull, UK - Wound Repair Regen.).

Knockout of sodium channel Na x delays re-epithelializathion of splinted murine excisional wounds - PubMed
Abstract by Chun Hou, David Dolivo, Adrian Rodrigues, Yingxing Li, Kai Leung, Robert Galiano, Seok Jong Hong and Thomas Mustoe (USA, China - Wound Repair Regen.).

The Way of the Wound - Generalsurgerynews.com
Article by Masood Shariff and Peter Kyunghwan Kim. All surgeons and many other physicians create and treat wounds. General surgeons were once the masters of the care of both physical and, sometimes, emotional wounds.

Managing Diabetic Foot Ulcers: Pharmacotherapy for Wound Healing - PubMed
Abstract by Danielle Dixon and Michael Edmonds (London, UK - Drugs).

Comparing hospital stay and patient satisfaction in a resource poor setting using conventional and locally adapted negative pressure wound dressing methods in management of leg ulcers with split skin grafts: a comparative prospective study - PubMed
Abstract by Charles Chidiebele Maduba, Ugochukwu Uzodimma Nnadozie, Victor Ifeanyichukwu Modekwe and Ezekiel Uchechukwu Nwankwo (Nigeria - Pan Afr Med J.).

University of Bristol leads new research to identify genes implicated during scarring - Epigram.org.uk
Article by Conlan Doherty. The University of Bristol collaborates with the Scar Free Foundation to highlight candidate genes at play during scar formation, following an injury. The project is set to cost £1.5 million and is the first of its kind to explore such research areas.

Pressure ulcers: an overview - PubMed
Abstract by John Headlam and Amy Illsley (United Kingdom - Br J Hosp Med (Lond)).

Role of microRNAs in Pressure Ulcer Immune Response, Pathogenesis, and Treatment - PubMed
Abstract by Stephen M Niemiec, Amanda E Louiselle, Kenneth W Liechty and Carlos Zgheib (Aurora, USA - Int J Mol Sci.).

Accelerative effect of topical Zataria multiflora essential oil against infected wound model by modulating inflammation, angiogenesis, and collagen biosynthesis - PubMed
Abstract by Mohammad Reza Farahpour, Sara Sheikh, Elham Kafshdooz and Ali Sonboli (Iran - Pharm Biol.).

The modulation of the burn wound environment by negative pressure wound therapy: Insights from the proteome - PubMed
Abstract by Cody C Frear, Tuo Zang, Bronwyn R Griffin, Steven M McPhail, Tony J Parker, Roy M Kimble and Leila Cuttle (Iran - Wound Repair Regen.).

The Acceleration of Diabetic Wound Healing by Low-Intensity Extracorporeal Shockwave Involves in the GSK-3β Pathway - Mdpi.com
Article by Rong-Fu Chen, Yun-Nan Lin, Keng-Fan Liu, Chun-Ting Wang, Savitha Ramachandran, Ching-Jen Wang and Yur-Ren Kuo (Taiwan, Singapore - Biomedicines). The authors’ results revealed that the molecular mechanisms involved in ESWT enhancement of wound healing involve not only increased neoangiogenesis but also the GSK3β-mediated Wnt/β-catenin pathways. Hence, ESWT-enhanced wound healing is associated with a combination of both canonical and noncanonical Wnt ligand/coreceptors interactions as well as high levels of β-catenin signaling, resulting in enhanced cellular proliferation and differentiation during the wound healing process.